Don't take the context out of the picture: Contextually shaped parents' and children's obesogenic behaviors in a marginalized area of Mexico City.

Santa Fe Gully zone is a marginalized area of Mexico City where nearly 39% of children live with either overweight or obesity. Despite the extensive research on obesogenic behaviors, studies frequently overlook the contexts where such behaviors occur. This qualitative study described individual and familial obesogenic behaviors among children with obesity from Santa Fe Gully, and explained how these behaviors might be contextually shaped. We used a grounded theory approach to investigate the process of development/maintenance of obesity in our sample. Fifteen participants (seven 10-year-olds with overweight or obesity and their parents) participated in nine art-based focus groups, and parents completed individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a structured thematic content analysis. Results showed children's weight status was part of their identity, providing children with a familial 'fitting' sense while increasing psychosocial difficulties, leading to emotional overeating as a coping strategy. Parents' use of controlling and low-structured parenting practices reinforced children's emotional overeating and failed to regulate children's dietary and physical activity behaviors. Some low-structured parenting practices were guilt-motivated or fostered by socioeconomic and cultural factors (e.g., limited food access, unhealthy food exposure, community unsafety). Future interventions in Santa Fe Gully aimed at modifying obesogenic behaviors should incorporate systemic and ecological approaches to help participants navigate through contextual obstacles, as their behaviors should be analized considering the context where they occur.

Social capital in Mexico moderates the relationship of uncertainty and cooperation during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic.

This study proposes that, given the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, its sanitary restrictions, and the associated economic effects, citizens perceive higher uncertainty and tend to reduce their willingness to cooperate with others. Community social capital refers to a set of norms of reciprocity, trust, and civic engagement networks that promote trust, reciprocal help, and cooperation for mutual benefits. It is also suggested that it can help alleviate negative effects of the pandemic in communities, by reducing uncertainty and its harmful effects on cooperation. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of 565 inhabitants of Mexico, who answered an online survey with measurements of social capital, uncertainty, and willingness to cooperate in the face of the pandemic. The relationships between variables were analyzed in two structural equation models, which show adequate goodness of fit, where higher levels of uncertainty generated by the pandemic were associated with a greater disposition to noncooperation with others, while social capital moderated this relation decreasing negative effects of uncertainty on noncooperation. The value of social capital is discussed as a resource worth preserving and promoting in communities to strengthen them, so that they are better able to face health or economic contingencies.

Índice de Tradicionalismo Cultural / Index of Cultural Traditionalism

Resumen Partiendo que la cultura es una variable sumamente importante en el estudio del comportamiento humano, que los significados y la cultura subjetiva dependen del contexto sociocultural de referencia y que la etnopsicología requiere del desarrollo de conocimiento y herramientas que permitan generar una mejor amalgama entre la psicología universal (occidental y de primer mundo), con La Psicología. Bajo este marco la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, generar un índice de tradicionalismo cultural, a través de las Premisas Histórico-Socioculturales. Se aplicaron 1017 baterías que además de evaluar las PHSCs, también se evaluó el Individualismo-Colectivismo y la Instrumentalidad- Expresividad en hombres y mujeres provenientes de zonas urbanas y rurales del Norte, Centro y Sur de México, todas bajo el consentimiento informado. Los resultados reflejan un modelo con ajustes adecuados que permiten garantizar dicho índice. A su vez, el índice es sensible a variables culturales como el Individualismo - Colectivismo y a constructos socioculturales como la Instrumentalidad - Expresividad. Los resultados garantizan una herramienta que puede ser utilizada en la investigación psicológica o del comportamiento, así como en la aplicación de la psicología.

Abstract Culture is an extremely important variable in the study of human behavior, where the work done in this regard has allowed to identify that the meanings and the subjective culture depend on the sociocultural context of reference, where ethnopsychology requires the development of knowledge and tools that allow generating a better amalgam between universal psychology (Western and First World), with Psychology. Under the frame of reference that defines culture as a system of meanings shared by a group and transmitted from generation to generation, which allows the group to satisfy their basic survival needs, seek happiness and well-being and understand the meaning of life; and with the support that different studies have reported differences in psychological variables according to the socio-cultural context, the present investigation had as objective, to generate an index of cultural traditionalism, through the Sociocultural Historical Premises (PHSCs). 1017 batteries were applied that, in addition to evaluating the PHSCs, Individualism-Collectivism and Instrumentality- Expressivity were also evaluated in men and women from urban and rural areas of North, Central and South Mexico, all under the informed consent. The results reflect a factorial structure formed by Machismo, Virginity, Respect over love, Social reproduction, cultural dynamics and Gender inequality. A model was obtained with adequate adjustments that allow guaranteeing this index with variables associated exclusively with the traditional culture, where Virginity and Social Reproduction represent the greatest weight within the index of cultural traditionalism. In turn, the index is sensitive to cultural variables such as Individualism - Collectivism and sociocultural constructs such as Instrumentality - Expressivity, reflecting significant differences in different factors, with effects ranging from small to moderate. The results guarantee a tool that can be used in psychological or behavioral research, as well as in the application of psychology.